Direct speech dan indirect speech

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Ahmad Fathoni at Sunday,
April 22, 2012
Penjelasan Direct dan
Indirect Speech
(Reported Speech)
Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect
Speech (Reported Speech) - Direct
dan Indirect Speech merupakan
materi grammar bahasa Inggris yang
banyak diajarkan di jenjang SMP dan
SMA. Direct dan Indirect Speech atau
yang biasa disebut Reported Speech
ini menjadi langganan bentuk soal
yang sering keluar di UN baik untuk
SMP dan SMA.
Atas dasar begitu pentingnya materi
Direct dan Indirect Speech ini, maka
pada kesempatan kali ini penulis
memberikan penjelasan mengenai
Direct dan Inderct tersebut dengan
lengkap kepada pengunjung sekalian.
Semoga bermanfaat.
Direct dan Indirect Speech
Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung
menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada
beberapa hal yang mengalami
perubahan diantaranya perubahan
struktur kalimat, tensis, pronoun
(kata ganti orang), keterangan waktu
dan tempat (Adverbs of time and
place).
Sebelum melangkah jauh ke sub-
pembahasan tersebut di atas,
alangkah baiknya ada juga mengerti
tentang apa yang dimaksud
Reporting Speech dan Reported
Speech .
Reporting Speech adalah bagian
dalam kalimat direct speech yang di
tandai oleh tanda petik (") dan di
akhiri oleh tanda petik (").
He said, "I have a
present for you in
my bag."
He asked me, "why do
you come late."
Sedangkan Reported Speech adalah
baigan awal dari kalimat direct
speech.
He said, "I have a
present for you in my
bag."
He asked me , "why
do you come late."
Untuk itu, pada artikel ini penulis
sengaja membagi beberpa sub-
penjelasan mengenai direct dan
indirect speech berdasakan
perubahan-perbuahan di atas.
1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat
Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct
speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik
yaitu terdapat tanda petik ("). Tada
petik tersebut merupakan cara yang
sering digunakan untuk membedakan
mana yang direct atau yang indirect.
Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut
dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect
speech, tanda petik tersebut pun
dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan
kata "that" atau "to" (untuk kalimat
perintah). Misalnya:
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01
He said, " I
have a present
for you in my
bag. "
He said that he
had a present
for me in his
bag.
02
He asked me,
" why do you
come late. "
He asked me
why I came
late.
03
He orderd me,
" don't bring a
bag. "
He ordered me
to didn't bring
a bag.
Perubahan struktur kalimat juga
terjadi jika pada direct speech
menggunakan kalimat tanya, maka
akan dirubah menjadi kalimat
afirmatif (berita).
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang
menggunakan kalimat tanya "yes-no
question" maka akan dirubah
menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01
They asked
me, " Do you
want to join
us to play
football?"
They asked me
if/whether I
want to join
them to play
football.
02
He asked me,
" Does she
want to mary
me?"
He asked me if/
whether she
wants to mary
her.
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang
menggunakan 5W1H question (Why,
Who, What, When, WHere, How),
maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat
afirmatif dengan cara sebagai
berikut:
No Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
01
He asked me,
"why do you
come late?"
He asked me
why you came
late.
02
He asked me,
"what does she
eat?"
He asked me
what she ate.
03
He asked me,
"when did you
come?"
He asked me
when I came.
04 He asked me,
"who are you?"
He asked me
who I was.
05 He asked me,
"who is she?"
He asked me
who she was.
2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)
Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka,
perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga
mempengaruhi tensis yang
digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit
memahami perubahan yang satu ini.
Untuk itu, penulis sengaja
membuatkan tabel perubahan tensis
agar mudah dimengerti.
Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan
Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect
speech.
No Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
01 Simple Present Simple Past
02 Present
Continuous
Past
Continuous
03 Present Future Past Future
04 Present Perfect Past Perfect
05 Present Perfect
Continuous
Past Perfect
Continuous
06 Simple Past Past Perfect
07 Past Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous
Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan
tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 V1 (eat) V2 (ate)
02 V2 (ate) Had + V3 (had
eaten)
03 Am/is/are Was/were
04 Do/does Did
05 Do/does not Did not
06 Did not Had not + V3
07 Was/were Had been
08 Am/is/are +
V-ing
Was/were + V-
ing
09 Was/were
+V-ing Had been + V-ing
10 Has/have +
V3 Had + V3
11
Will/shall/
can/may/
must
Would/should/
could/might/had
to
12 Could/might/
should/would
+ V1/be
Could/might/
should/would +
have+ V3/been
3. Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive
tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek
yang dipakai di direct speech (kalimat
langsung) yang tentunya
mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun
pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak
langsung).
Kata ganti orang
pertama (I dan We )
pada reporting speech
(lihat penjelasan di
awal) berubah sesuai
subjek yang ada di
reproted speech.
No Direct
Speech
Indirect
Speech
01
He
said, ‘I
am
busy.’
He said
that he
was
busy.
02
She
said, ‘I
am
unwell
.’
She said
that she
was
unwell.
03
I said,
‘I will
be
late.’
I said
that I
would
be late.
04
They
said,
‘We
will
not
permit
this.’
They
said that
they
would
not
permit
that.
05
We
said,
‘We
need to
buy
some
clothes
.’
We said
that we
needed
to buy
some
clothes.
Kata ganti orang
kedua (You ) di
reporting speech pada
direct speech berubah
sesuai objek pada
reported speech.
No Direct
Speech
Indirec
t
Speech
01
He said
to me ,
‘You
have to
come
with
me.’
He told
me that
I had
to go
with
him.
02
She said
to me ,
‘You
can go.’
She
told me
that I
could
go.
03
She said
to him ,
‘You
can go.’
She
told
him
that he
could
go.
Kata ganti orang
ketiga (He , she , it dan
they) pada direct
speech tidak
mengalami perubahan
ketika dirubah ke
indirect speech.
No Direct
Speech
Indirect
Speech
01
He
said,
‘She is
a good
girl.’
He said
that she
was a
good
girl.
02
She
said,
‘They
have
invited
us.’
She said
that
they
had
invited
them.
03
They
said,
‘He
does
not
have
the
necessa
ry
qualific
ations.’
They
said that
he did
not
have the
necessa
ry
qualific
ations.
4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu
dan tempat (Adverbs of time and
place)
Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan
dari direct speech ke indirect speech
juga mempengaruhi adverbs
khusunya adverb of time (keterangan
waktu) dan adverb of place
(keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda
wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini.
No Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
01 Now Then
02 To day That day
03 Tomorrow
The next day
The day after
The following
day
A day later
04 Next ...
The ... after
The
following ...
05 Last ...
The ... before
The
Previous ...
06 ... ago ... before
... earlier
07 Yesterday
The day
before
The previous
day
The
preceeding
day
08 The day before
yesterday
Two day
before
09 Here There
10 This That
11 These Those
Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh
direct dan indirect speech untuk
menambah pemahaman mengenai
penjelasan di atas.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
(+
)
He said, “I have
a present for
you in my bag.
here”
He said that he
had a present
for me in his
bag there.
(-) He said, “I do
not have a
present for you
in my bag”
He said that he
did not have a
present for me
in his bag.
(?) He asked, “Do I
have a present
for you in my
bag?”
He asked me
if/whether he
had a present
for me in his
bag.
(?)
He asked me, “
Why do I have
to have a
present for you
in my bag?
He asked me
why he had to
have a present
for me in his
bag.
(!)
He ordered/
commanded me,
“Bring my bag
here now !”
He ordered/
commanded
me to bring his
bag there
then .
(!)
He ordered me,
“Don’t bring
your bag here!”
He ordered me
not to bring
my bag there.
Semoga bermanfaat artikel di atas